By: Nursini, N.W., Antara, N.S., Sugitha, I.M., Sujaya, I.N.

Abstract

γ-aminobutiric acid (GABA)  is a non-protein amino acid, with various effects of functional health, produced from decarboxylation of glutamate catalyzed by glutamate decarboxilase (GAD). This enzyme is produced by various microbes like lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as starters to increase the concentration of GABA in fermented foods.  Screening was conducted on 34 strains of LABs (30 Lactobacillus rhamnosus and 4 Lactobacillus plantarum) previously isolated from fermented foods. These LAB strains were grown on MRS broth and GABA production was detected using TLC methodology. Strains produced positive GABA spots were confirmed from GAD existence. The results of this study showed that 21 out of 34 strains tested (17 L. rhamnosus and 4 strain L. plantarum) demonstrated their potential as GABA producers.  L. plantarum U201, L. plantarum PH715, L. plantarum PH719 and L. plantarum PH18bb, produced GABA with concentrations of 14,43±2,54 µg/ml, 31,30±4,11 µg/ml, 28,57±4,14 µg/ml, dan 25,70±1,03 µg/ml on MRS, respectively.  In MRS medium supplemented with 2% MSG, GABA production of L. plantarum U201, L. plantarum PH715, L. plantarum pH719 and Lactobacillus plantarum PH18bb were 177,57±3,25, 279,80±5,75, 139,46±2,56 and 233,40±2,68 following incubation for  48 hours at 37⁰C. Production of GABA which was different in each strain was influenced by the activity of fermentation of microorganisms, the addition of MSG as a precursor of GABA and its growth medium. It can be concluded from this research that PH715 was the best GABA producing strain and had potential to be used as a starter in food fermentations, such as “rebung” fermentation. read more

By: Imaduddin Priambudi, Dwi Mega Apriliani, Muhammad Nur Cahyanto, Tyas Utami

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to study the pattern of acid production and pH decrease during the fermentation of black soybean milk with various concentration of sucrose and skim milk by lactic acid bacteria. The black soybean milk with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% (w/v) addition of sucrose and skim milk were inoculated with 1% (v/v) Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13. The titratable acidity and pH were examined in every 3 hours of fermentation at 37°C. In original black soybean milk, acid and pH change occurred during the 12 hours of fermentation and likely to remain same afterwards. In variation of sucrose and skim milk concentration, acid and pH change occurred during the 24 hours of fermentation. In the end of fermentation of black soybean milk with sucrose addition, acid levels were in the range of 1.13–1.63% and pH value were in the range of 3.07–4.24. In the end of fermentation of black soybean milk with skim milk addition, acid levels were in the range of 1.07–1.86% and pH value were in the range of 4.08–4.68. Based on the research results, the time required for the fermentation of black soybean milk using L. plantarum Dad-13 was for 9–12 hours. read more

By: Dian Kumala Ratna, Maria Marantha Evita W. , Endang S. Rahayu, Muhammad Nur Cahyanto, Rachma Wikandari, and Tyas Utami

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Halloumi cheese produced by Mazaarat Artisan Cheese Indonesia, to evaluate their potential as a probiotics, and to identify them based on molecular characteristics. LAB were isolated from fresh milk, curd, and Halloumi cheese and identified their morphology and physiology. Screening of LAB isolates for probiotics candidates was mainly based on the resistance of simulated gastric juice, bile salts, antibacterial activities against pathogens, and the adhesion properties by hydrophobicity test. The selected LAB strains as probiotics candidates were then identified molecularly using 16S rRNA. From this study, 13 LAB isolates were obtained. Among 13 isolates, K3 isolate was the most potent as a probiotics candidate.  This isolate had high tolerance for simulated gastric juice and bile salts, good ability to protect the gut against pathogenic bacteria since it has antibacterial activities and had ability to adhere to human epithelial cells. Based on molecular identification, this probiotics candidate was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. read more

By: Rafli Zulfa Kamil, Agnes Murdiati, Mohammad Juffrie, Jiro Nakayama and Endang Sutriswati Rahayu

Abstract

Malnutrition has been associated with the gut microbiota composition and the gastrointestinal environment. This study aimed to evaluate whether there is a difference in the gut microbiota profile between the normal and undernutrition (considered moderate malnutrition) children. Ten days’ observations were done between normal (n:13) and undernutrition (n:15) children. The subject’s diet was recorded using a food record. Analysis of the gut microbiota was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 variables region, while the specific bacterium’s number (L. plantarum, Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae) was analyzed using qPCR. The result shows that the undernutrition group’s energy intake was lower than in the normal group. Although there was no difference in diversity index and overall gut composition, overexpression of the genera Methanobrevibacter, Anaerococcus, Eubacterium, and Succinivibrio was observed in the undernutrition group. Meanwhile, in the normal group, Ruminococcus and Fusobacterium were found. In both groups, there was also the dominant of Prevotella enterotype. Bifidobacterium was significantly higher in the normal group, and there was no difference in the number of L. plantarum and Enterobacteriaceae in both groups. read more

By: Monika Olvi, Naufal Fadhlurrahman, Trian Iswanty, Cico Jhon Karunia Simamora

Abstract

Obesity is a condition of excess body fat due to increased activity of the pancreatic lipase enzyme. Cases of obesity in the world, including in Indonesia, continue to increase every year, especially during the pandemic, patients are vulnerable to being infected with COVID-19. Treatment of obesity such as consuming synthetic fat diet drugs (sibutramine and orlistat) in the long term has dangerous side effects. Nipah (Nypa fruticans) plants, especially their fermented leaves, contain high levels of bioactive compounds (saponins, flavonoids and tannins). The purpose of this study was to determine the best dose of fermented nipah leaf powder in a jelly candy formulation that can effectively reduce blood triglyceride levels and remain delicious for consumption. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with 4 jelly candy formulations, namely fermented nipah leaf powder, sorbitol and carrageenan, including F1 (1% : 75% : 8%), F2 (8% : 75% : 8%), F3 (16% : 75% : 8%) and F4 (0% : 75% : 8%). The results of this study showed that the fermented nipah leaf of Lactobacillus plantarum had a phenol value of 32.94 mg/g; flavonoids 1974.84 mg GAE/g; tannins 44.66 mg/g; toxicity with an LC50 value of 130.81 mg/mL, and an antioxidant 34.76%. Jelly candy formulation with the addition of fermented nipah leaf powder as much as 16% (F3) was able to reduce body weight of obese rats by 1.91 g from 29.03 g to 27.12 g, and triglyceride levels by 39.8 mg/dL from 240 mg/dL to 200.2 mg/dL. read more

By: Ninik Rustanti, Agnes Murdiati, Mohammad Juffrie, Endang Sutriswati Rahayu

ABSTRACT

Association of food intake with intestinal microbiota, short chain fatty acid and metabolic markers in Indonesian women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been investigated. The case control study that used  subjects of healthy women and women with T2D. The intake were taken with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and physical activity data with IPAQ for a month. Then after 1 month, anthropometric data and metabolic markers were taken. Feces were taken for analysis of pH, gut microbiota and SCFA. HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and age were different in healthy and T2D women. Macronutrient intake (calories, carbohydrate, protein, fat) and fiber were not different but T2D women had more water intake significantly than healthy women. T2D had more sugar intake but less meat &poultry product intake and fish & seafood product intake than healthy women. Total short chain fatty acid (SCFA), acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid  and gut microbiota (L. plantarum, Bifidobacterium and Prevotella) were not different significantly in healthy and T2D women. There was correlation between FBG with age, HbA1c, waist hip ratio (WHR) and protein intake. HbA1c correlated with age, waist circumference, WHR. Stool pH correlated with waist circumference, WHR, acetic acid, propionic acid, total SCFA and Prevotella. Acetic, propionic and butyric acid correlated with Prevotella and just propionic acid correlated with carbohydrate intake. Microbiota markers of T2D is Bacteriodetes and Microbiota markers of healthy is Ruminococcaceae. read more

By: Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati, Gede Ngurah Rsi Suwardana, Komang Ayu Nocianitri, I Ketut Mariadi, I Nengah Sujaya

ABSTRACT 

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disorder of the digestive tract. Increased intestinal level of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α is associated with disease severity. IBD occurs as results of many factors, including dysbiosis. It is well-established that gut microbiota plays role in mucosa immunity, then modulation of gut microbiota may help in alleviating IBD symptoms. Probiotics could modulate gut microbiota. Weissella confusa F213 (WCF213) has been found to successfully enhance mucosa integrity in vitro. The role of this local probiotic in immunomodulation on intestinal mucosa has not been investigated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of WCF213 on TNF-a level in colon mucosa of DSS-induced colitis rats. Sixteen male Wistar rats (± 100 g) were divided into 4 groups; control, WCF213 (1 x 10⁸ CFU/BW) for 14 d, 2.5% Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS) for 7 d and WCF213 (1 x 10⁸ CFU/BW)  for 14 day, and 2.5% DSS for 7 d. After sacrificing the rats, the colon was collected, and mucosal TNF-a level was measured using ELISA. It was found that TNF-a level of DSS-WCF213-treated group was significantly lower than that of DSS-treated group (p=0.011). In IBD, there is an elevation of TNF-α tissue level in the mucosa and lamina propria of colon. Therefore, this preliminary finding indicated that W. confusa F213 may play a role in IBD management. Further investigation on other inflammatory markers and mucosal integrity are needed to study the role of this probiotic in IBD. read more

By: Ellyzsabeth Lambertus, Ira Nugerahani, Indah Kuswardani and Ignatius Srianta

ABSTRACT

Soygurt is a type of probiotic beverage made from soy milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Purple sweet potato contains various bioactive compounds which potent to improve the functionalities especially health benefits of soygurt. Purple sweet potato is also a source of carbohydrates which can contribute to the lactic acid bacteria growth. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of purple sweet potato paste concentration on lactic acid bacteria growth in soygurt. This experiment used a starter contained Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The purple sweet potato paste was added at six concentration levels i.e. 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%. The total plate count of LAB cells of soygurt is 7,9900-9,7459 log cfu/g and the pH value is between 4,735-4,298. Statistical analysis with Anova at α of 5% showed that the concentration of purple sweet potato paste affects significantly the total plate count LAB and pH of soygurt. The higher concentration of purple sweet potato paste, the total plate count of LAB increase, and the pH decrease. Various compounds in purple sweet potato such as carbohydrates (starch, sugars i.e. sucrose, maltose, and glucose), protein, minerals, and vitamins might be contributing to the LAB growth. In conclusion, the purple sweet potato has a positive impact on LAB growth. read more

By: Ria Dewiyanti, Endang S Rahayu, Tyas Utami

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 and Lactobacillus plantarum Kita-3 are Indonesian indigenous probiotic obtained from the isolation of Indonesian fermented foods. In this study, probiotic L plantarum Dad-13 and L plantarum Kita-3 were used as starter cultures in the production of cream cheese and compared with starter commercial of cream cheese. Their viability was evaluated over 35 days of storage at 4 ⁰C. The results showed that the viability of lactic acid bacteria in cream cheese with probiotic starter L. plantarum Dad-13 and L. plantarum Kita-3 were higher than the commercial starter and the amount of viable cells were maintained at 10⁸ CFU/g during storage at 4 ⁰C for 35 days. A total of 36 volatile compound were identified by SPME/GC-MS and 9 fatty acid, 9 ketone, 5 alcohols, 6 ester and 7 lactones were the 5 major contributors to the characteristic flavours of the cheeses. Additionally, high levels of acetic acid (vinegar), hexanoic acid (pungent/sour), butanoic acid, octanoic acid, and decanoic acid (rancid, fatty) were also identified in the samples. The use of probiotics as starter cultures increased the diacetyl compounds (buttery flavour) and produced more ester and lactone compounds than commercial starters. read more

By: Eunike M. A. Samodra, Dian A. Suroto, Endang S. Rahayu

ABSTRACT

Probiotics are currently widely consumed in a mixture of several food matrices and provide health benefits to the host. The viability of probiotic cells is influenced by several factors, including exposure to high temperatures during the production process and low temperatures during storage. In this study, we report on the stress response of Lactobacillus plantarum Mut-3 and Mut-7 after 24 hours of storage at 4 ℃ and -20 ℃. The cold stress response of cold shock protein genes was evaluated through whole genome sequencing. Results revealed that the viability of L. plantarum Mut-3 and L. plantarum Mut-7 had no significant differences between control (11,99 log CFU/ml and 11,76 log CFU/ml, respectively) and at 4℃ (11.68 log CFU/ml and 11.39 log CFU/ml, respectively) also at -20 ℃ (11.30 log CFU/ml and 11.11 log CFU/ml, respectively). Meanwhile, through whole genome analysis there is one gene cspA/cspL which have the possibility of actively playing a role in maintaining cell resistance at low temperatures. This gene in L. plantarum Mut-3 and L. plantarum Mut-7 has 84,85% similarity with Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e. Then, based on multiple alignment on amino acid sequence of cspA/cspL both strain have the same conserved motif compared with Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e. read more